2026 comparison
Lille vs Toulouse: 2026 comparison
Toulouse has more inhabitants than Lille: 519,940 versus 240,109, or 2.2 times as many. Toulouse covers a larger area (118 km² versus 34.8 km²), but Lille is more densely populated: 6,894 inhabitants per km² versus 4,395.
The median apartment price is higher in Lille: €3,777 per m² versus €3,295. The median standard of living is higher in Toulouse (€24,500 a year versus €22,470).
The two cities are 791 km apart as the crow flies.
Lille
City in Nord
- Population
- 240,109 inhab.
- 10th in France · 1st in its department
- Area
- 34.8 km²
- Density
- 6,894 per km²
Toulouse
City in Haute-Garonne
- Population
- 519,940 inhab.
- 4th in France · 1st in its department
- Area
- 118 km²
- Density
- 4,395 per km²
Population
Population and demographics
Municipal population since 1876
LilleToulouse
| Criterion | Lille | Toulouse | Difference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Population inhab.More populous: Toulouse2.2 times as high | 240,109 | 519,940 | More populous: Toulouse2.2 times as high |
| Change over 5 yearsStronger growth: Toulouse+3.5 pts | +2.2% | +5.7% | Stronger growth: Toulouse+3.5 pts |
| Change over 10 yearsStronger growth: Toulouse+9.4 pts | +2.9% | +12.3% | Stronger growth: Toulouse+9.4 pts |
| Density per km²Denser: Lille+57% | 6,894 | 4,395 | Denser: Lille+57% |
| Under 15More young people: Lille+0.3 pt | 14.1% | 13.8% | More young people: Lille+0.3 pt |
| 65 and overMore seniors: Toulouse+1.9 pt | 11.1% | 13.0% | More seniors: Toulouse+1.9 pt |
| People per householdLarger households: Lille+0.01 | 1.79 | 1.78 | Larger households: Lille+0.01 |
Sources: INSEE, official population figures, INSEE, censuses, INSEE, census
Housing
Real estate prices and housing
| Criterion | Lille | Toulouse | Difference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median apartment price €/m²More expensive: Lille+15% | 3,777 | 3,295 | More expensive: Lille+15% |
| Median house price €/m²More expensive: Toulouse+34% | 2,828 | 3,800 | More expensive: Toulouse+34% |
| Apartment rent €/m² per month, utilities includedMore expensive: Lille+13% | 15.8 | 14.0 | More expensive: Lille+13% |
| House rent €/m² per month, utilities includedMore expensive: Toulouse+1.0% | 12.7 | 12.9 | More expensive: Toulouse+1.0% |
| Homeowner householdsMore homeowners: Toulouse+4.5 pts | 27.6% | 32.2% | More homeowners: Toulouse+4.5 pts |
| Share of housesMore houses: Lille+4.7 pts | 19.7% | 15.0% | More houses: Lille+4.7 pts |
| Social housing (SRU law) share of primary residences | — | 22.1% | |
| Second homesMore second homes: Toulouse+0.6 pt | 3.4% | 4.0% | More second homes: Toulouse+0.6 pt |
| Vacant homesMore vacant homes: Toulouse+0.2 pt | 8.0% | 8.2% | More vacant homes: Toulouse+0.2 pt |
| Property tax (combined rate)Higher rate: Toulouse+0.8 pt | 48.91% | 49.67% | Higher rate: Toulouse+0.8 pt |
Sources: DGFiP (DVF), Ministry of Housing (rent map), INSEE, census, Ministry for the Ecological Transition (SRU), DGFiP, local taxation
Income and jobs
Residents’ income and jobs
| Criterion | Lille | Toulouse | Difference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median standard of living €/yearHigher: Toulouse+9% | 22,470 | 24,500 | Higher: Toulouse+9% |
| Poverty rateHigher: Lille+4.6 pts | 28.6% | 24.0% | Higher: Lille+4.6 pts |
| Average taxable income per householdHigher: Toulouse+8% | €27,252 | €29,462 | Higher: Toulouse+8% |
| Households paying income taxMore taxpaying households: Toulouse+4.1 pts | 43% | 47% | More taxpaying households: Toulouse+4.1 pts |
| Activity rate (ages 15-64)Higher: Toulouse+5.0 pts | 67.8% | 72.8% | Higher: Toulouse+5.0 pts |
| Unemployment rate (census)Higher: Lille+1.4 pt | 15.7% | 14.3% | Higher: Lille+1.4 pt |
Sources: INSEE, Filosofi, DGFiP, income tax, INSEE, census
Local life
Town hall and fiber internet
| Criterion | Lille | Toulouse | Difference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mayor | Arnaud Deslandes | Jean-Luc Moudenc | |
| Political label of the mayor’s list (2026 local elections) | union of the left | miscellaneous right | |
| Premises with fiberBetter covered: Lille+0.9 pt | 94% | 93% | Better covered: Lille+0.9 pt |
Sources: Ministry of the Interior, register of elected officials, Ministry of the Interior, Arcep
Shops and facilities
Shops, leisure and transportation
| Criterion | Lille | Toulouse | Difference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Shops per 10,000 inhab.More shops per capita: Lille+30% | 73.91,774 in total | 56.72,946 in total | More shops per capita: Lille+30% |
| Food shops per 10,000 inhab.More per capita: Lille+22% | 23.3560 in total | 19.1995 in total | More per capita: Lille+22% |
| Restaurants per 10,000 inhab.More per capita: Lille+47% | 69.61,671 in total | 47.32,460 in total | More per capita: Lille+47% |
| Sports facilities per 10,000 inhab.More per capita: Toulouse+53% | 10.5253 in total | 16.1838 in total | More per capita: Toulouse+53% |
| Cultural venues per 10,000 inhab.More per capita: Lille+27% | 1.740 in total | 1.368 in total | More per capita: Lille+27% |
| Hotels per 10,000 inhab.More per capita: Lille+22% | 2.356 in total | 1.999 in total | More per capita: Lille+22% |
| Passenger train stationsMore stations: Toulouse+3 | 7 | 10 | More stations: Toulouse+3 |
Number of facilities per 10,000 inhabitants (total count in small print). Source: INSEE, facilities database (BPE)
Health
Health care
| Criterion | Lille | Toulouse | Difference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Access to general practitioners visits/inhab./year localized potential accessibilityBetter access: Lille+41% | 6.2 | 4.4 | Better access: Lille+41% |
| General practitioners per 10,000 inhab.More per capita: Lille+20% | 12.9309 in total | 10.8559 in total | More per capita: Lille+20% |
| Medical specialists per 10,000 inhab.More per capita: Lille+55% | 40.7977 in total | 26.31,366 in total | More per capita: Lille+55% |
| Dentists per 10,000 inhab.More per capita: Toulouse+57% | 6.0143 in total | 9.3486 in total | More per capita: Toulouse+57% |
| Pharmacies per 10,000 inhab.More per capita: Lille+10% | 3.277 in total | 2.9152 in total | More per capita: Lille+10% |
| HospitalsMore facilities: Toulouse+14 | 27 | 41 | More facilities: Toulouse+14 |
Practitioners and facilities per 10,000 inhabitants (total count in small print); access to doctors includes those in neighboring communes. Sources: Ministry of Health (DREES), APL, INSEE, facilities database (BPE), Ministry of Health (Finess)
Education
Schools and colleges
| Criterion | Lille | Toulouse | Difference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary schoolsMore schools: Toulouse+112 | 109 | 221 | More schools: Toulouse+112 |
| Middle schoolsMore middle schools: Toulouse+27 | 24 | 51 | More middle schools: Toulouse+27 |
| High schoolsMore high schools: Toulouse+39 | 25 | 64 | More high schools: Toulouse+39 |
| Higher education institutions and programsMore facilities: Toulouse+60 | 109 | 169 | More facilities: Toulouse+60 |
Sources: Ministry of Education, INSEE, facilities database (BPE)
Recorded crime
Offenses recorded by the police
| Criterion | Lille | Toulouse | Difference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Home burglaries per 1,000 homesHigher rate: Lille+40% | 9.0 | 6.4 | Higher rate: Lille+40% |
| Non-violent thefts per 1,000 inhab.Higher rate: Lille+49% | 30.5 | 20.5 | Higher rate: Lille+49% |
| Physical violence outside the family per 1,000 inhab.Higher rate: Lille+32% | 6.6 | 5.0 | Higher rate: Lille+32% |
| Vehicle thefts per 1,000 inhab.Higher rate: Lille+75% | 3.6 | 2.1 | Higher rate: Lille+75% |
| Vandalism and property damage per 1,000 inhab.Higher rate: Lille+12% | 12.8 | 11.5 | Higher rate: Lille+12% |
Offenses recorded in the commune by the police and gendarmerie, per 1,000 inhabitants (per 1,000 homes for burglaries); this is not the actual crime level. Rates for the latest published year. Source: Ministry of the Interior (SSMSI)
Climate
Temperature, sunshine and rain
| Criterion | Lille | Toulouse | Difference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Average temperatureWarmer: Toulouse+2.9 °C | 11.3°C | 14.2°C | Warmer: Toulouse+2.9 °C |
| Sunshine h/yearSunnier: Toulouse+28% | 1,627 | 2,075 | Sunnier: Toulouse+28% |
| Rainfall mm/yearWetter: Lille+18% | 740 | 627 | Wetter: Lille+18% |
| Rainy days days/year at least 1 mmMore rainy days: Lille+30 days/year | 126 | 96 | More rainy days: Lille+30 days/year |
| Frost days days/yearMore frost days: Lille+11 days/year | 37 | 27 | More frost days: Lille+11 days/year |
| Very hot days days/year 30 °C or moreMore hot days: Toulouse+26 days/year | 7 | 33 | More hot days: Toulouse+26 days/year |
Climate normals from the reference Météo-France station of each commune. Source: Météo-France, climate normals
Natural hazards
Natural disasters and prevention
| Criterion | Lille | Toulouse | Difference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Natural disasters declared since 1982More declarations: Toulouse+29 | 19 | 48 | More declarations: Toulouse+29 |
| Natural hazard prevention plansMore plans: Toulouse+2 | 2 | 4 | More plans: Toulouse+2 |
| Radon potentialSame | Low | Low | Same |
Sources: Géorisques (GASPAR), IRSN
Land
Area, terrain and administrative areas
| Criterion | Lille | Toulouse | Difference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Area km²Larger: Toulouse3.4 times as high | 34.8 | 118 | Larger: Toulouse3.4 times as high |
| Town hall elevationHigher: Toulouse+120 m | 23 m | 143 m | Higher: Toulouse+120 m |
| Coastal communeSame | No | No | Same |
| Density grid (INSEE)Same | Large urban centre | Large urban centre | Same |
| Department | Nord (59) | Haute-Garonne (31) | |
| Intercommunality | Métropole Européenne de Lille | Toulouse Métropole | |
| Urban unit | Lille (partie française) | Toulouse | |
| Functional area | Lille (partie française) | Toulouse |
Sources: IGN, IGN, elevation, Ministry for the Ecological Transition, Loi Littoral, INSEE, density grid, INSEE, COG, INSEE, geographic classifications
Summary
Lille vs Toulouse at a glance
| Criterion | Lille | Toulouse |
|---|---|---|
| Population inhab. | 240,109 | 519,940 |
| Change over 10 years | +2.9% | +12.3% |
| Density per km² | 6,894 | 4,395 |
| Median apartment price €/m² | 3,777 | 3,295 |
| Median house price €/m² | 2,828 | 3,800 |
| Apartment rent €/m² | 15.8 | 14.0 |
| Property tax (combined rate) | 48.91% | 49.67% |
| Median standard of living €/year | 22,470 | 24,500 |
| Unemployment rate (census) | 15.7% | 14.3% |
| Premises with fiber | 94% | 93% |
| Access to general practitioners visits/inhab./year | 6.2 | 4.4 |
| Home burglaries per 1,000 homes | 9.0 | 6.4 |
| Average temperature | 11.3°C | 14.2°C |
| Sunshine h/year | 1,627 | 2,075 |
| Area km² | 34.8 | 118 |
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FAQ
Lille vs Toulouse: your questions
Which is the larger city, Lille or Toulouse?
By population, Toulouse: 519,940 inhabitants versus 240,109 for Lille (official population figures in force on January 1, 2026). Toulouse is the 4th largest city in France, Lille the 10th. By area, Toulouse is also the larger (118 km²).
How far is Lille from Toulouse?
Lille and Toulouse are 791 km apart as the crow flies, between the centers of the two communes.
Where is real estate more expensive, in Lille or Toulouse?
To buy an apartment, Lille is more expensive: €3,777 per m² (median price), versus €3,295 in Toulouse (+15%). Median prices of sales over the last five years (DGFiP, DVF).
Where is the standard of living higher, in Lille or Toulouse?
In Toulouse, half of the residents have a standard of living above €24,500 a year, versus €22,470 in Lille (disposable income per consumption unit, INSEE).
Which city is sunnier, Lille or Toulouse?
Toulouse: 2,075 hours of sunshine a year on average, versus 1,627 in Lille (climate normals from the reference Météo-France station of each town).
Official population figures in force on January 1, 2026. Source: INSEE, official population figures